List of protected areas of Estonia

Estonia has more than 100 nature reserves, around 130 landscape protection areas and 5 national parks.

Name Type Location[1] Created Area (ha) Coordinates
Agusalu Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Ida-Viru County, Illuka Parish 1981-05-25 10,052.42
Ahja Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Põlva County, Vastse-Kuuste Parish 1957-07-11 1,120.1
Aidu Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Jõgeva County, Põltsamaa Parish 2002-11-19 310.5
Ainja Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Viljandi County, Karksi Parish 1964-01-17 113.5
Akste Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Põlva County, Vastse-Kuuste Parish 1977-08-31 188.3
Alam-Pedja Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Tartu County, Laeva Parish 1994-02-17 34,219.4
Alatskivi Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Tartu County, Alatskivi Parish 1964-09-09 265.14
Alatskivi-Padakõrve Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Tartu County, Alatskivi Parish 1964-09-09 354.8
Alema Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Harju County, Nissi Parish 1981-12-29 59.9
Allirahu Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Saare County, Pihtla Parish 2005-07-21 1,960.4
Andsu lakes Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Võru County, Võru Parish 1962-03-30 51.7
Anija Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Harju County, Anija Parish 1990-04-24 71.77
Anne Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Tartu County, Tartu 1986-07-29 15.7
Avaste Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Pärnu County, Koonga Parish 1981-05-25 5,225.5
Ebavere Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Lääne-Viru County, Väike-Maarja Parish 1959-03-13 38.89
Elva-Vitipalu Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Tartu County, Nõo Parish 1992-09-30 899.2
Emajõe-Suursoo Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Tartu County, Võnnu Parish 1981-05-25 18,130.6
Emumäe Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Lääne-Viru County, Rakke Parish 1978-12-11 536.4
Endla Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Järva County, Koeru Parish 1939-09-08 10,108
Haanja Nature Park Landscape Protection Area Võru County, Haanja Parish 1957-06-07 16,902.6
Hiiumaa islets Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Hiiu County, Pühalepa Parish, Salinõmme 1962-09-26 2,662.6
Hino Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Võru County, Misso Parish 2005-08-11 697.7
Ihamaru Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Põlva County, Kõlleste Parish 1981-09-30 254.6
Iidva Nature Reserve 806
Jalase Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Rapla County, Raikküla Parish 1937-12-03 2,728.8
Järve Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Saare County, Kaarma Parish 1959-05-19 95
Järveküla Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Viljandi County, Tarvastu Parish 1990-08-21 267.9
Järvevälja Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Ida-Viru County, Tudulinna Parish 1967-01-17 581.85
Järvselja Nature Reserve 187
Kaali Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Saare County, Pihtla Parish 1938-08-19 83.27
Kahvena Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Pärnu County, Saarde Parish 2005-06-09 656.6
Kallaste Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Hiiu County, Pühalepa Parish 1962-09-26 115.1
Kallukse Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Lääne-Viru County, Kadrina Parish 1978-12-11 231.3
Kareda Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Järva County, Kareda Parish 2005-07-14 360.9
Karula National Park National Park Valga County, Karula Parish 1979-09-24 11,043.4
Kasti Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Saare County, Kaarma Parish 2000-07-27 192.7
Kaugatoma-Lõo Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Saare County, Salme Parish 1973-12-18 499.5
Keeri-Karijärve Nature Reserve 1,910
Kellavere Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Lääne-Viru County, Laekvere Parish 1978-12-11 154.4
Kesknõmme Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Saare County, Kihelkonna Parish 2005-08-11 337.1
Kesselaiu Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Saare County, Muhu Parish 1938-11-10 178.1
Kirikumäe Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Võru County, Vastseliina Parish 1970-11-12 367
Kisejärve Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Võru County, Misso Parish 1983-03-16 664.9
Kivinõmme Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area [[Ida-Viru County 1987-08-25 378.85
Koigi Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Saare County, Pöide Parish 2005-08-18 2,359.2
Koiva-Mustjõe Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Valga County, Taheva Parish 1957-07-11 3,244.8
Kolga Bay Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Harju County, Jõelähtme Parish 1991-12-18 1,922
Kolga Nature Reserve 274
Konguta Nature Reserve 32
Koorküla Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Valga County, Hummuli Parish, Jeti 1964-06-05 351.1
Koorunõmme Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Saare County, Mustjala Parish 1965-04-03 1,267.3
Kostivere Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Harju County, Jõelähtme Parish 1959-03-13 96.57
Kukka Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Hiiu County, Pühalepa Parish 1998-04-29 150.7
Kullamäe Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Viljandi County, Tarvastu Parish 1964-01-17 5.335
Kurimetsa Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Viljandi County, Karksi Parish 1998-11-17 56.64
Kurisoo Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Järva County, Ambla Parish, Kurisoo 2005-08-11 47.2
Kurtna Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Ida-Viru County, Illuka Parish 1987-06-08 2,805
Kuulmajärve Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Põlva County, Veriora Parish 1983-03-28 1,011
Kõnnumaa Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Rapla County, Kehtna Parish 1961-06-02 5,713
Kõpu Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Hiiu County, Kõrgessaare Parish 1962-09-26 1,155
Kõrgessaare Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Hiiu County, Kõrgessaare Parish 1999-05-19 70.99
Kõrvemaa Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Järva County, Albu Parish 1959-04-06 20,544.3
Käina Bay-Kassari Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Hiiu County, Käina Parish 1962-09-26 3,520.3
Kämbla Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Harju County, Kose Parish, Saula 1991-12-18 163.8
Kääpa Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Tartu County, Vara Parish 1968-07-17 2,284
Kübassaare Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Saare County, Pöide Parish 1973-12-18 512.2
Lahemaa National Park National Park Lääne-Viru County, Vihula Parish 1971-06-01 72,504.3
Laidevahe Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Saare County, Pihtla Parish 2002-11-05 2,442
Laidu island Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Saare County, Mustjala Parish 1965-04-03 18.7
Laiksaare Nature Reserve 399
Laukesoo Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Harju County, Kõue Parish 1981-05-25 2,542.3
Laulasmaa Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Harju County, Keila Parish 2005-07-07 129.8
Laulaste Nature Reserve 1,060
Lehtsaare Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Viljandi County, Suure-Jaani Parish 1992-11-09 380.6
Leidissoo Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Lääne County, Noarootsi Parish 2002-11-05 7,690.7
Leigri Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Hiiu County, Kõrgessaare Parish 1998-05-05 190.4
Leppoja Nature Reserve 376
Letipea Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Lääne-Viru County, Viru-Nigula Parish 1992-01-30 601.3
Lihula Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Lääne County, Lihula Parish 1998-09-25 6,619.5
Lindi Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Pärnu County, Tõstamaa Parish 1958-09-12 1,095.12
Linnuraba Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Rapla County, Rapla Parish 1959-03-02 3,375.7
Loodi Nature Park Landscape Protection Area Viljandi County, Pärsti Parish 1992-11-09 3,462
Luhasoo Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Võru County, Rõuge Parish 1981-05-25 798.3
Luidja Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Hiiu County, Kõrgessaare Parish 1962-09-26 55.46
Luitemaa Nature Reserve 11,220
Luusika Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Lääne-Viru County, Laekvere Parish 1992-04-30 439.4
Läänemaa Suursoo Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Harju County, Padise Parish 1981-05-25 10,249.3
Maapaju Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Harju County, Anija Parish 2005-06-06 448.5
Mahu-Rannametsa Nature Reserve 411
Marimetsa Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Lääne County, Kullamaa Parish 1981-05-25 4,599
Maruoru Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Põlva County, Kanepi Parish 2001-11-27 33.1
Matsalu National Park National Park Lääne County, Lihula Parish 1957-07-11 48,610
Meelva Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Põlva County, Räpina Parish 1981-05-25 2,073
Meenikunno Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Põlva County, Veriora Parish 1981-05-25 2,651
Mihkli Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Pärnu County, Koonga Parish, Mihkli 1957-07-11 88.9
Mukri Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Rapla County, Kehtna Parish 1992-10-20 2,147
Muraka Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Ida-Viru County, Iisaku Parish 1938-05-11 13,058.7
Muraste Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Harju County, Harku Parish 2005-08-18 140.5
Mustallika Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Jõgeva County, Jõgeva Parish, Patjala 1992-07-29 49.4
Mustoja Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Põlva County, Värska Parish 1998-10-27 3,470.1
Muti Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Viljandi County, Tarvastu Parish 1990-08-21 82.46
Mõisamõtsa Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Võru County, Mõniste Parish 2005-04-21 222.8
Naage Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Harju County, Harku Parish 2005-07-21 4.6
Naissaare Nature Park Landscape Protection Area Harju County, Viimsi Parish 1995-03-31 1,887.6
Narva river Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Ida-Viru County, Narva 1959-03-13 13.89
Navesti Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Viljandi County, Suure-Jaani Parish 1992-11-09 167.9
Neeruti Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Lääne-Viru County, Kadrina Parish 1957-07-11 1,271.3
Nehatu Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Lääne County, Hanila Parish 1957-07-11 1,011.3
Nigula Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Pärnu County, Häädemeeste Parish 1957-07-11 6,397.8
Niinsoni Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Harju County, Anija Parish 2000-11-14 110.5
Nõmme Nature Reserve 435
Nõmme-Mustamäe Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Harju County, Tallinn 2004-04-30 199.6
Nõva Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Harju County, Padise Parish 1985-08-21 1,866.5
Nätsi-Võlla Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Pärnu County, Audru Parish 1957-07-11 10,741.3
Ohepalu Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Lääne-Viru County, Kadrina Parish 1973-03-20 5,058.5
Ohessaare Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Saare County, Torgu Parish 1959-03-13 5.596
Ontika Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Ida-Viru County, Kohtla Parish 1939-05-19 1,212.2
Orkjärve Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Harju County, Nissi Parish 2005-07-07 1,148.4
Oru pargi Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Ida-Viru County, Toila Parish 1936-05-22 75.37
Osmussaare Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Lääne County, Noarootsi Parish 1996-03-14 487
Otepää Nature Park Landscape Protection Area Valga County, Otepää Parish 1957-07-11 22,430
Paadenurme Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Lääne-Viru County, Laekvere Parish 1992-04-30 343.071
Paadrema Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Pärnu County, Varbla Parish 2003-01-07 1,332
Padakõrve Nature Reserve 1,547
Padaoru Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Lääne-Viru County, Viru-Nigula Parish 1978-12-11 176.7
Paganamaa Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Võru County, Varstu Parish 1962-03-30 1,024.4
Pakri Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Harju County, Paldiski 1998-05-05 1,452
Panga Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Saare County, Mustjala Parish 1959-03-13 26.37
Pangodi Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Tartu County, Kambja Parish 1964-09-09 382.6
Paope Nature Reserve 2,215
Papioru Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Viljandi County, Suure-Jaani Parish 1964-01-17 3.717
Paraspõllu Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Harju County, Raasiku Parish 1999-12-15 476.5
Parika Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Viljandi County, Suure-Jaani Parish 1981-05-25 2,181.8
Parmu Nature Reserve 1,021
Paunküla Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Harju County, Kõue Parish 1981-12-29 617.4
Peetri river Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Võru County, Mõniste Parish 1959-03-13 496.9
Pihla-Kaibaldi Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Hiiu County, Kõrgessaare Parish 1998-04-29 3,135
Pilkuse Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Rapla County, Vigala Parish 1992-10-20 472.8
Pirita Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Harju County, Tallinn 1957-07-11 527.1
Piusa jõe ürgoru Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Võru County, Meremäe Parish 1962-03-30 1,205.4
Piusa koobastiku Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Põlva County, Orava Parish 1981-09-30 45.6
Prandi Nature Reserve 871
Prangli Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Harju County, Viimsi Parish 1960-06-24 131.15
Puhatu Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Ida-Viru County, Illuka Parish 1967-01-17 12,320
Puhtu-Laelatu Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Lääne County, Hanila Parish 1939-01-27 2,758.6
Põhja-Kõrvemaa Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Harju County, Anija Parish 1991-10-29 13,086
Pähklisaare Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Tartu County, Luunja Parish 1964-09-09 643
Pähni Nature Reserve 278
Päite Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Ida-Viru County, Toila Parish 2005-07-21 138.5
Rabivere Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Rapla County, Kohila Parish 1981-11-24 2,157.6
Rakvere Oak Forest Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Lääne-Viru County, Rakvere 1939-01-27 23.09
Rannametsa-Soometsa Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Pärnu County, Häädemeeste Parish 1964-02-05 9,865.6
Rannamõisa Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Harju County, Harku Parish 1959-03-13 65.6
Rannaniidi Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Saare County, Muhu Parish 1959-03-13 97.2
Rattagu Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Hiiu County, Kõrgessaare Parish 1998-04-29 85.87
Raudna Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Viljandi County, Pärsti Parish 1994-06-02 29.91
Rava Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Järva County, Ambla Parish 1936-05-11 16.8
Roosna-Alliku Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Järva County, Roosna-Alliku Parish 2005-08-11 42.8
Rubina Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Valga County, Helme Parish 2005-04-22 2,097.1
Ruila Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Harju County, Kernu Parish 2005-06-06 826.1
Rumbi Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Rapla County, Käru Parish 2001-07-24 71.6
Rutu Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Viljandi County, Karksi Parish 1990-08-21 328.4
Saarjärve Nature Park Landscape Protection Area Jõgeva County, Saare Parish 1968-07-17 158.3
Salajõe Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Lääne County, Oru Parish 1964-04-22 5.3
Sanga Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Pärnu County, Saarde Parish 2005-09-28 151.6
Sarve Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Hiiu County, Pühalepa Parish 1973-07-30 678.91
Selja River Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Lääne-Viru County, Vihula Parish 1978-12-11 639.4
Sepaste Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Hiiu County, Emmaste Parish 1998-07-28 36.5
Silma Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Lääne County, Noarootsi Parish 1998-09-25 4,795
Silmsi Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Järva County, Koeru Parish 2005-07-07 145.6
Sirtsi Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Lääne-Viru County, Rägavere Parish 1981-05-25 4,557.9
Smolnitsa Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Ida-Viru County, Alajõe Parish 1967-01-17 239.5
Sookuninga Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Pärnu County, Saarde Parish 1964-02-05 3,847
Soomaa National Park National Park Viljandi County, Suure-Jaani Parish 1993-12-08 39,638.9
Soontaga Nature Reserve 1,219
Suigu Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Lääne-Viru County, Vinni Parish 1976-03-17 82.32
Sämi Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Lääne-Viru County, Viru-Nigula Parish 2005-09-15 941.1
Säärenõmme Nature Reserve 393
Taarikõnnu Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Pärnu County, Kaisma Parish 2001-05-30 2,820
Tahkuna Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Hiiu County, Kõrgessaare Parish 1962-09-26 1,654.2
Tammiku Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Harju County, Kose Parish 1991-12-18 379.3
Tellise Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Jõgeva County, Torma Parish, Võtikvere 2005-06-06 236.8
Teringi Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Viljandi County, Karksi Parish 1999-10-08 320.7
Tihu Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Hiiu County, Kõrgessaare Parish 1962-09-26 1,231.6
Tikste Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Valga County, Helme Parish 2005-07-21 38
Tilga Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Hiiu County, Emmaste Parish 1998-09-25 39.72
Tillniidu Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Rapla County, Kehtna Parish 2001-07-24 37.7
Timmase Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Võru County, Võru Parish 2004-04-30 383.8
Toolse Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Lääne-Viru County, Vihula Parish 1978-12-11 512.2
Tudusoo Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Lääne-Viru County, Laekvere Parish 1981-05-25 2,754
Tudusoo Nature Reserve 4,724
Tuhala Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Harju County, Kose Parish 1989-10-31 188.1
Tuhu Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Lääne County, Hanila Parish 1981-05-25 3,710.2
Tõrasoo Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Rapla County, Raikküla Parish 2005-06-16 3,437
Tündre Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Viljandi County, Karksi Parish 1999-12-21 1,837.3
Türisalu Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Harju County, Harku Parish 1991-12-18 96.7
Ubari Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Harju County, Jõelähtme Parish 2005-06-16 58.5
Uhtju Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Lääne-Viru County, Vihula Parish 1938-05-11 2,429
Uue-Võidu Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Viljandi County, Saarepeedi Parish 1964-01-17 51.43
Vahenurme Nature Reserve 221
Vaivara Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Ida-Viru County, Vaivara Parish 1959-03-13 79.381
Valgejärve Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Harju County, Nissi Parish 1981-12-29 719.4
Valgesoo Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Põlva County, Vastse-Kuuste Parish 1981-05-25 352
Varangu Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Lääne-Viru County, Väike-Maarja Parish 1993-10-04 104.2
Vardi Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Rapla County, Märjamaa Parish, Varbola 1978-05-23 297.5
Varesemägede Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Viljandi County, Saarepeedi Parish 1964-01-17 23.39
Verijärve Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Võru County, Võru Parish 1962-03-30 77.7
Veski Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Põlva County, Kõlleste Parish 2001-11-27 62.8
Viidumäe Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Saare County, Lümanda Parish 1957-07-11 1,846
Viieristi Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Saare County, Torgu Parish 1965-04-03 377.96
Viitna Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Lääne-Viru County, Kadrina Parish 1971-06-01 311.6
Viljandi Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Viljandi County, Viljandi 1964-01-17 369.3
Vilsandi National Park National Park Saare County, Kihelkonna Parish 1937-10-20 23,760
Vormsi Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Lääne County, Vormsi Parish 1987-08-19 1,975
Vulbi Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Järva County, Albu Parish 1993-10-07 10.6
Võtikvere Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Jõgeva County, Torma Parish 2005-04-21 115.9
Väike-Palkna Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Võru County, Haanja Parish 1979-09-24 25.04
Välgi Nature Reserve 855
Vääna Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Harju County, Harku Parish 1991-12-18 406.6
Väätsa Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Järva County, Väätsa Parish 2005-07-14 416.2
Õisu Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Viljandi County, Halliste Parish 1959-06-05 528.433
Äntu Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Lääne-Viru County, Väike-Maarja Parish 1978-12-11 388.9
Ülgase Nature Reserve 49
Üügu Landscape Protection Area Landscape Protection Area Saare County, Muhu Parish 1959-03-13 9.61

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ Larger areas may extend into neighboring parishes and counties